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J. ELSON. Breech-Loading Fire-Arm.

No. 64,650. .Patented May 14, 1867.

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guitar gurus gamut @tfitr JULIUS ELSON, OF BO ST ON, MASSACHUSETTS. Letters Patent No. (ii-1,650, dated M'ag 7, 1867.

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Be it known that I, JULIUS ELsoN, of Boston, in the county'of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have made a new and useful invention of improvements in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which-- Figure 1 is a top view.

Figure 2, a longitudinal section; and.

Figure 3 a side elevation of the lock and partof the stock of a breech-loading fire-arm or musket provided with my invention.

Figure 4 is a vertical section taken through the advancer and its operative cam, the fulmin'ate, and cartridge dischargers. r

Figure 5 is a transverse section taken in the line of the axis of the hammer-pin or journal.

The'fire-arm is to have the rear end of its barrel open, and there is to be arranged within the stock B, made of metal, a movable breech-closer or block, C, which is to. be capable of being moved within the stock in a direction at right angles with the axis of the bore of the barrel. ,A coiled or spiral spring, I), arranged beneath and attached to the breech-block and to a pin, a, going through and fixed in the spring-case 6, serves to depress the breech-block so as to uncover the rear end of the. barrel in order for the expulsion of a cartridge- The mechanism for effecting the elevation of the breech-block may be thus described: A pin or stud, 0, extends from one side of the block through and projects beyond a vertical slot, d, made in the side of the stock, the arrangement of the slot being as represented in fig. 3. Extending underneath the pin 0 is an arm or lever, c, which turns freely on the hammer pinfas afulcrum. An arm, g, projecting from the hammer E and underneath the said arm 0, serves to force the latter upward while the hammer is in the act of being pulled backward. The arm e, by acting against the stud a, will elevate the breech-block up to a position for it to cover the rear end of the barrel. During an advance of the-hammer, the lever or elevator a will drop down upon a rest, f, projecting from thestock, and arranged as shown in fig. 3. A bolt, F to enter a recess, g, in the breech-block, and arranged in the stock, serves to hold the breech-block in its highest position preparatory to the descent of the hammer. Such bolt is represented in fig. 2. It is driven forward by a spring, h, and retracted by a chain, 2', attached to the periphery of a barrel or cylinder, In, which is placed and revolves freely on the. pin f of the hammer, and is afiixed to a ratchet or notched wheel, Z, having a. stud, m, extending from it, as represented in fig. 4, and likewise turns on thehammer pin. This stud, by bringing up against a stop,=n, arrests the rotary motion of the ratchet. A round plate, G, fixed on the hammer pin so as to revolve with it and the hammer, carries a click orimpelling pawl, 0, for actuating the ratchet, such clicl; being disengaged from the ratchet by means of being forced against the stop n atthe proper time. On pulling back the hammer the pawl or eliclmvill so act against the ratchet I as to revolve hand the cylinder 7a. This will cause a retraction of the bolt F, and, as a consequence, the breech-block will be instantly depressed by its spring. In going down, the breech-block, by its action against the lower arm of a bent lover or ejector, p, for discharging the cartridge-shell, will cause the lever to turn on its fulcrum and against the flange of the shell so as to eject the shellfrom the breech end of the barrel. The arrangement and form of the ejector are exhibited in fig. 4.

The shell is shown by red lines as within the barrel. The plate G supports a curved cam, g, which projects fromsuch plate and enters a notch, r, in the advancer H, in manner as shown in figs. 1 and 4. This advancer is like a bolt. It is arranged within the stock, and, with the cam, is for the purpose of crowding or pushing the breechblock close up to the. rear end of the barrel preparatory to a discharge of the cartridge. As the advan'cer enters a shallow neiel'i, m, made in the breech-block, such notch acting with the advancer will afi'ord an additional means of locking the breech-block or preventing it from dropping while the gun is being discharged. The com, when turned upward by the hammer, retracts the advancer. When the hammer is in the act of being throw-n down the advancer will be forced forward by the cam, and by pressure against the breech-block will hold it in close contact with the cartridge or rear end of the barrel. In the breech-plate I arrange a fulminate disehargcr, I, which slides freely within the block, and is provided with a retractive spring, 8. The hammer on descending strikes on the rear end of the discharger I, and forces such discharge! smartly forward against the flange or rear part of the cartridge so as to cause its fulminate or percussion powder to be discharged by the blow or concussion of the disoharger I. While elevating the hammer to a half cock the breech-block will be unlocked and thrown downward so as to uncover the barrel. On next elevating the hammer to full cock,

the breech-block will'be raised so as to cover the barrel, and will remain in such position during the next descent of tlie hammer, which, striking on the fulminate disehorger, will drive such dischargerforward so to cause an explosion of the cartridge to take place. The lock of the piece is to be providedwith a tumbler, a, sore, e, and main-spring, 10, arranged with respect to the lock-plate t and the hammer in the ordinary manner.

I claim as my inventionthe following, viz

1. I claim the combination, as well as the arrangement, of the advancer H and its cam g, or operative mechanism, with the hammer and the breech-block applied to the barrel and stock, and with the mechanism as described for elevating or depressing the breech-block O, and bolting and unbolting it with respect to the barrel, substantially in manner as specified.

2. I also claim the combination, as well as the arrangement, of mechanical parts or instrruncntalities for elevating and depressing the breech-block C, and bolting and unbolting it with respect to the barrel, in manner as set forth, such parts or instrumentalities consistin in the hammer E, its pin f, and arm g, the lever or arm e, stud 0, spring D, the bolt F and its operative mechanism. substantially as described.

lULIUS ELSON.

Witnesses:

R. H. EDDY, F. P. HALE, Jr. 

